2005 – The second Sudanese War ends
As an outcome, Southern Sudan is granted autonomy; in 2011, South Sudan becomes an independent nation.
1916 – The Battle of Gallipoli ends
The Gallipoli Campaign during World War I ended with the victory of the Ottoman Empire.
1861 – The first shots of the American Civil War are fired
The steamer, Star of the West, was fired upon by the Confederates as it attempted to enter Charleston Harbor
1768 – Philip Astley opens the world's first modern circus
The British equestrian, who is considered the father of modern circus, opened a riding school in London where he also performed tricks for an audience in the afternoons.
1431 – The trial against Joan of Arc begins
She was executed on May 30, 1431, exonerated in 1456, and canonized in 1920 by Pope Benedict XV.
1944 – Jimmy Page
English guitarist, songwriter, producer
1941 – Joan Baez
American singer-songwriter, activist
1922 – Ahmed Sékou Touré
Guinean politician, 1st President of Guinea
1913 – Richard Nixon
American politician, 37th President of the United States
1890 – Kurt Tucholsky
German journalist
2014 – Amiri Baraka
American poet, actor, activist
1908 – Wilhelm Busch
German poet, painter, illustrator
1908 – Abraham Goldfaden
Russian actor, playwright, author
1873 – Napoleon III
French politician, 1st President of France
1324 – Marco Polo
Italian explorer
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