On This Day in History – July 19

Maurice Garin became the first person to win the debut of the now annual bike race.

One of the densest metros in the world and the second largest metro in Europe, the first line of the Paris Metro opened during the World's Fair.

The war involving France, under Napoleon and the Kingdom of Prussia began with French declaration of war. The war lasted for 9 months and ended with a German victory.

One of the first women's rights convention to be held in American history, the two-day convention attracted 300 women and men who protested the social, economic, and political discrimination American women faced.

Also known as Bloody Mary due to her brutal persecution of Protestants, Mary I was the only child of Catherine of Aragon and Henry III.

American politician, historian, author

American broadcaster, author

French painter

Indian freedom fighter

American inventor, industrialist, founded the Colt's Manufacturing Company

Egyptian politician, Vice President of Egypt

American historian, author, scholar

German philosopher

English sister of Anne Boleyn

Italian scholar, poet